Honours are awarded for gallantry on the field of battle, for courage shown in civilian life, for business, sporting or creative achievement, for service in the community or for service to the Crown at home or abroad.

Honours are published twice a year; at the start of the New Year and on the Queen's official birthday in mid-June.

The British Empire Medal has been reintroduced in this Jubilee year, creating more scope to recognise the achievements and service of people across the UK and Commonwealth

The 2012 Queens Birthday honours list is courtesy of the London Gazette.

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